Impact of Agricultural Practices on Groundwater Depletion and Quality in Bhiwani District

Abstract

Groundwater is the primary source of irrigation and drinking water in semi-arid regions like Bhiwani district of Haryana. However, intensive agricultural practices have significantly impacted both the quantity and quality of groundwater. This study examines how cropping patterns, irrigation methods, and fertilizer use contribute to groundwater depletion and contamination. Secondary data from government reports and previous studies were analyzed. The findings indicate severe groundwater stress in the district, with over 30% of villages categorized as highly water-stressed. Excessive groundwater extraction through tubewells and the dominance of water-intensive crops have accelerated depletion. The study concludes with recommendations for sustainable agricultural practices and groundwater management.