A Comparative Analysis of Web-Based Learning in Public and Private Higher Education Institutions in India

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of web-based learning in public and private higher education institutions across India, with a focus on examining the accessibility, quality, institutional support, and learner engagement associated with online education. As Indian higher education increasingly adopts digital platforms in response to globalization, technological advancement, and recent educational policy reforms, understanding sector-specific approaches becomes crucial. The research explores key differences in infrastructure, faculty preparedness, student satisfaction, and technological integration within both public and private institutions. Through a mixed-methods approach involving surveys, interviews, and document analysis, the study identifies how institutional type influences the effectiveness and reach of web-based learning. Findings reveal that private institutions tend to invest more in technological infrastructure and personalized student services, while public institutions often struggle with budgetary limitations but offer broader access to marginalized populations. Despite disparities, both sectors face challenges in ensuring digital equity, curriculum adaptability, and long-term engagement in virtual learning environments. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for improving web-based learning across both sectors through policy alignment, capacity building, and the development of inclusive digital ecosystems. This research contributes to ongoing discussions on the digital transformation of higher education in India and offers a roadmap for fostering equitable and effective online learning experiences.